But the animals face an uncertain future. An estimated 3,500 to 4,000 elephants are held in captivity, and according to Suparna Baksi Ganguly, a former member of India’s Task Force on Elephants, “almost all are part of the huge illegal trafficking in wildlife.” Some steps have been taken to improve their welfare. The elephants photographed here dwell in Hathi Gaon, a village near the Amber Palace designed specifically for elephants and their mahouts.