Typical Japanese gardens contain several of these elements:
Water, real or symbolic.
Rocks
An island fashioned in a manmade pond, thought to have been an innovation modelled on Chinese practice, that was introduced by the powerful court dignitary Soga no Umako, about 620 CE.
A bridge to the island, or stepping stones.
A lantern, typically of stone.
A teahouse or pavilion.
A surrounding wall of traditional character.
A "borrowed landscape" from beyond the garden's confines.
Japanese gardens might fall into one of these styles:
Pond gardens, for viewing from a boat.
Sitting gardens, for viewing from inside a building or on a veranda.
Tea gardens, for viewing from a path which leads to a tea ceremony hut.
Stroll gardens, for viewing a sequence of effects from a path which circumnavigates the garden. The seventeenth-century Katsura garden in Kyoto is a famous exemplar.